Improving Fruit Set :įruit set can be improved by spraying GA 2 l00ppm at full-bloom and after fruit set. No pruning annual pruning is needed it bears on top of shoots in leaf axils. the lowest scaffold should be selected at least 50cm above the ground level. Train the Sapota plants by removing the lower branches on the trunk up to 45cm. Training and Pruning :Ī strong trunk is necessary for a strong framework of the tree. Care should be taken that root system and scaffolds are noted damaged during ploughing. Keep separate irrigation system the fruit plants. During rabi season, grams/wheat or sarson can be grown similarly in Kharif grow pulses.
In the early years of planting when sufficient vacant place is available-some intercrops can be grown. Under North India conditions October fertilization can be injurious due to cold winters in the coming months. These doses are applied in two halves first half in June- July and second half in September-October. The following dose is being applied in A.P.
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In the second year apply 20kg of farm yard manure and 50g urea + 60g super phosphate plus 20g of Muriate of potash. Manuring and Fertilization :Īfter planting no fertilization is given for the first year. For good growth and high yield, plants may be irrigated at an interval of 7-10 days in summer and 20-25 days in winters. Sapota is a hardy plant and can tolerate scarcity of soil moisture fairly well. Sapota is a climacteric fruit and can be harvested when fruits are still hard.
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It takes over 10 months for full maturity of the fruit. The fruit retention can be improved by spraying GA l00ppm at full- bloom and fruit set. This may be due many reasons particularly low auxin level in ovary just after fruits set or due to sudden change in temperatures in December (low temp) and in May-June (high temp). There is sufficient fruit set but retention is low. The flowers are protogynous in nature i.e., stigma of the ovary becomes receptive earlier than the stamens produce pollen. In sub-tropical conditions it also flowers twice in October- November and April-May. Under tropical climate sapota flowers through out the year, with two main seasons i.e July-November and February-March. Thus 144 to 169 plants are required for one hectare which should be booked before hand with a reputed nursery. If it is to be done on light soils then planting distance may be reduced to 7m. The block planting can be done 8m apart in a square system of plantings. Sapota is planted in the field in July-August in the prepared pits. Inarched plants are ready within six months of inarching. Inarching is done during spring (March) on the khirnee seedlings. One year old seedlings are used for grafting. Seedlings of khirnee can be raised in the nursery or can be collected from forests. Grafting can be done on ‘Khirnee’ seedlings are considered better than Sapota seedlings.
Percentage of success in air layers can be improved by applying 100 to 200ppm of Indole butyric acid solution on the ringed bark before wrapping with moss grass and plastic sheet. Air layering is done during monsoons (July-August). Sapota can be propagated though grafting and air layering. These are CO-1 and CO-2 from Coimbatore and PKM-I a cross between kalipati x cricket ball from Periyakulum. Some hybrids have also been released for cultivation. Fruits are of small sized with thin skin. It bears oval fruits of good quality which are harvested in summers. The fruit may be seedless or may have 3-5 black shinning seeds. The fruit epicarp resembles that of potato.
Flowers have 6 sepals 6 stamens which are petaloid. Fruit bearing is on new growth in axils of leaves. It has strong trunk on which scaffolds develop at regular intervals. The tree canopy has four kinds, viz, erect growing with drooping branches, spreading branches with sweet fruits and spreading branches with inferior fruits. Out of India Sapota is cultivated for the extraction of Chicle gum.
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Fully ripe fruits are eaten along with skin (epicarp). Pulp contain sufficient quantity of minerals per 100 grams of pulp. Sapota fruit is a rich source of Sugars (13-18%). Sapota is widely cultivated in Gujrat, West Bengal, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. No commercial plantation has come up in Punjab plains due to low yield per trees. Sapota is the most preferred fruit plant of kitchen gardens in Chandigarh and Panchkula. It is grown from Jammu to Dehradun along Shivalik hill. Sapota is cultivated over an area of 156.1 thousand hectares in India with annual production of 13.08 lacs MT.
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